In general, marbles; Limestone (CaCO3) and dolomitic limestones (CaMg(CO3)2) are stones formed by metamorphism under heat and pressure and gaining a new structure as a result of recrystallization. In the industrial sense; All kinds of rocks that can be cut and polished and have commercial value are called marble. Petrographically, marbles; The massive, roughly uniform size (according to the form of metamorphism) calcite crystals are resurrected without leaving any spaces between them. Marble is a hard rock formed by metamorphism of the limestone known as limestone. This general metamorphism is due to the effect of intense pressure and temperature at very deep depths. The limestone that forms the basis of the marble consists of calcite crystals. Calcite is formed from alterations of calcium-bearing stones and sediments in karstic regions. Marble is formed as a result of the compression of these calcite crystals. Since the spaces between the crystals disappear under pressure and temperature, it has a harder structure than limestone.

Commonly known marble types are classical marble, travertine, onyx and granite. Of these, marble includes stones that have been fully crystallized by metamorphism. Their colors are usually white and light gray. They carry a lot of foreign matter in their composition. Onyx and travertine have only CaCO3 in their structures. Since travertines contain gaps up to a few cm from the pinhead, they can be easily processed and accept a good polish. Granite is a marble of magmatic origin. Andesite, dacite, syenite, basalt, diabase, gabbro, serpentine can be given as other examples of this type.